{
 "method": "measure.py — what the road network says about the city, counted from the harvest.\n\nReads data/harvest/osm-city.json and osm-places.json, writes data/harvest/measures.json.\nEvery figure the site prints about the network comes from here, with the method beside\nit, so the page and the API cannot drift apart.\n\nZones. The old city is the square inside the moat. Outside it, the rings are taken as\ndistance from the moat's centre: to 3 km (the Superhighway and the canal road close a\nring at about that radius), 3 to 5.5 km (the middle ring), 5.5 to 9 km (the outer ring,\nRoute 121) and beyond. A radius is a stand-in for the road itself; the page says so.\n\nMeasures, per zone:\n  km by class · intersections per km² · dead-end share · median block length ·\n  orientation entropy (Boeing 2019, 36 bins) · one-way share · named share · soi share\nIntersections, dead ends, blocks and orientation use the network proper — drivable ways\nminus service lanes — so a car park's aisles do not count as streets.\n\n    python3 tools/measure.py",
 "source": "OpenStreetMap via Overpass, © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0",
 "fetched": "2026-09-21",
 "box": [
  18.66,
  98.86,
  18.92,
  99.1
 ],
 "centre": [
  18.7883,
  98.9855
 ],
 "moat": [
  18.7808,
  98.9775,
  18.7962,
  98.9938
 ],
 "zones_km": [
  3.0,
  5.5,
  9.0
 ],
 "ways": 52389,
 "total_km": 8054.7,
 "drive_km": 6934.4,
 "walk_km": 1054.7,
 "lane_km": 5972.5,
 "unnamed_lane_km": 4756.6,
 "by_class": {
  "residential": 4280.4,
  "service": 1238.1,
  "track": 494.2,
  "unclassified": 454.1,
  "path": 337.2,
  "tertiary": 312.2,
  "primary": 288.3,
  "secondary": 250.0,
  "footway": 188.8,
  "trunk": 48.1,
  "primary_link": 35.9,
  "construction": 16.9,
  "pedestrian": 15.6,
  "proposed": 15.0,
  "cycleway": 14.2,
  "secondary_link": 13.9,
  "trunk_link": 12.3,
  "services": 11.2,
  "road": 9.8,
  "busway": 8.0,
  "steps": 4.6,
  "raceway": 3.0,
  "corridor": 1.6,
  "tertiary_link": 1.2,
  "elevator": 0.1,
  "bus_stop": 0.0
 },
 "intersections": 31668,
 "dead_ends": 15928,
 "zones": {
  "moat": {
   "label": "inside the moat",
   "label_th": "ในเวียง",
   "area_km2": 2.94,
   "km": {
    "footway": 29.35,
    "residential": 29.25,
    "service": 19.38,
    "secondary": 12.72,
    "tertiary": 8.12,
    "pedestrian": 2.68,
    "path": 1.73,
    "secondary_link": 1.72,
    "unclassified": 0.23,
    "primary": 0.16,
    "construction": 0.11,
    "steps": 0.07,
    "track": 0.06,
    "tertiary_link": 0.03
   },
   "km_group": {
    "lane": 48.86,
    "walk": 33.87,
    "major": 14.61,
    "tertiary": 8.15,
    "construction": 0.11
   },
   "drive_km": 71.62,
   "km_per_km2": 24.38,
   "ways": 1206,
   "intersections": 396,
   "dead_ends": 63,
   "inter_per_km2": 134.8,
   "dead_end_share": 0.137,
   "block_m_mean": 71,
   "block_m_median": 59,
   "orientation": {
    "H": 2.6549,
    "phi": 0.6666,
    "Hmax": 3.5835,
    "Hgrid": 1.3863
   },
   "bins": [
    9.517,
    2.238,
    1.383,
    0.974,
    0.304,
    0.56,
    0.195,
    0.187,
    0.215,
    0.28,
    0.15,
    0.245,
    0.318,
    0.537,
    0.475,
    0.67,
    1.456,
    4.664,
    13.115,
    3.163,
    1.661,
    0.704,
    0.649,
    0.309,
    0.208,
    0.126,
    0.119,
    0.1,
    0.116,
    0.229,
    0.205,
    0.478,
    0.422,
    0.529,
    2.202,
    3.546
   ],
   "oneway_share": 0.327,
   "named_share": 0.628,
   "soi_share": 0.216,
   "lit_share": 0.472,
   "signals": 24,
   "wats": 44,
   "wats_per_km2": 14.97,
   "lanes_km": {
    "2": 23.96,
    "1": 23.11,
    "3": 7.54,
    "4": 1.37,
    "5": 0.06
   },
   "surface_km": {
    "asphalt": 41.11,
    "concrete": 15.83,
    "paving_stones": 5.64,
    "unpaved": 0.44,
    "gravel": 0.34,
    "concrete:plates": 0.29
   }
  },
  "ring1": {
   "label": "moat to 3 km",
   "label_th": "นอกคูเมืองถึง 3 กม.",
   "area_km2": 25.34,
   "km": {
    "residential": 233.51,
    "service": 180.26,
    "footway": 48.09,
    "tertiary": 33.39,
    "secondary": 31.44,
    "primary": 14.18,
    "trunk": 8.13,
    "path": 7.24,
    "unclassified": 4.7,
    "pedestrian": 3.2,
    "track": 3.09,
    "services": 1.7,
    "corridor": 1.53,
    "trunk_link": 1.02,
    "busway": 0.93,
    "primary_link": 0.62,
    "secondary_link": 0.62,
    "tertiary_link": 0.56,
    "steps": 0.4,
    "cycleway": 0.35,
    "road": 0.06,
    "elevator": 0.05
   },
   "km_group": {
    "lane": 418.47,
    "walk": 62.37,
    "major": 56.01,
    "tertiary": 33.95,
    "other": 4.27
   },
   "drive_km": 508.43,
   "km_per_km2": 20.07,
   "ways": 5571,
   "intersections": 2078,
   "dead_ends": 715,
   "inter_per_km2": 82.0,
   "dead_end_share": 0.256,
   "block_m_mean": 79,
   "block_m_median": 59,
   "orientation": {
    "H": 3.3923,
    "phi": 0.1665,
    "Hmax": 3.5835,
    "Hgrid": 1.3863
   },
   "bins": [
    18.662,
    17.092,
    10.495,
    10.822,
    7.465,
    6.111,
    5.798,
    3.47,
    3.936,
    7.005,
    3.154,
    3.657,
    5.833,
    4.596,
    8.679,
    8.323,
    14.283,
    19.934,
    19.46,
    23.981,
    18.299,
    11.007,
    6.692,
    8.944,
    5.029,
    2.854,
    3.502,
    3.183,
    3.595,
    3.394,
    3.374,
    5.44,
    9.859,
    9.422,
    14.497,
    16.319
   ],
   "oneway_share": 0.199,
   "named_share": 0.414,
   "soi_share": 0.107,
   "lit_share": 0.112,
   "signals": 73,
   "wats": 52,
   "wats_per_km2": 2.05,
   "lanes_km": {
    "2": 224.35,
    "1": 53.7,
    "3": 24.09,
    "4": 17.4,
    "6": 1.42,
    "5": 0.9
   },
   "surface_km": {
    "asphalt": 222.8,
    "concrete": 151.02,
    "paved": 15.93,
    "unpaved": 5.69,
    "paving_stones": 3.96,
    "pebblestone": 0.85
   }
  },
  "ring2": {
   "label": "3 to 5.5 km",
   "label_th": "3 ถึง 5.5 กม.",
   "area_km2": 66.76,
   "km": {
    "residential": 636.93,
    "service": 261.36,
    "primary": 49.49,
    "secondary": 46.66,
    "footway": 44.37,
    "unclassified": 35.78,
    "tertiary": 26.55,
    "path": 18.09,
    "trunk": 12.01,
    "track": 10.33,
    "busway": 7.04,
    "secondary_link": 6.9,
    "primary_link": 5.69,
    "pedestrian": 2.91,
    "services": 1.31,
    "trunk_link": 1.19,
    "cycleway": 1.15,
    "road": 0.44,
    "steps": 0.27,
    "tertiary_link": 0.18,
    "elevator": 0.05,
    "bus_stop": 0.04
   },
   "km_group": {
    "lane": 934.06,
    "major": 121.94,
    "walk": 77.11,
    "tertiary": 26.73,
    "other": 8.89
   },
   "drive_km": 1082.73,
   "km_per_km2": 16.22,
   "ways": 9466,
   "intersections": 5201,
   "dead_ends": 2421,
   "inter_per_km2": 77.9,
   "dead_end_share": 0.318,
   "block_m_mean": 79,
   "block_m_median": 56,
   "orientation": {
    "H": 3.4775,
    "phi": 0.0942,
    "Hmax": 3.5835,
    "Hgrid": 1.3863
   },
   "bins": [
    39.408,
    30.351,
    24.542,
    18.724,
    17.594,
    14.959,
    15.37,
    8.759,
    12.379,
    7.508,
    13.886,
    13.342,
    12.21,
    19.581,
    24.95,
    36.219,
    33.292,
    38.705,
    51.757,
    37.834,
    32.202,
    33.655,
    23.348,
    21.149,
    14.203,
    9.942,
    12.927,
    11.394,
    17.509,
    13.357,
    17.489,
    26.899,
    21.274,
    25.104,
    32.643,
    36.907
   ],
   "oneway_share": 0.161,
   "named_share": 0.393,
   "soi_share": 0.195,
   "lit_share": 0.098,
   "signals": 57,
   "wats": 50,
   "wats_per_km2": 0.75,
   "lanes_km": {
    "2": 431.25,
    "1": 131.29,
    "3": 59.76,
    "4": 25.97,
    "5": 0.53,
    "6": 0.27
   },
   "surface_km": {
    "asphalt": 379.8,
    "concrete": 370.52,
    "paved": 39.3,
    "unpaved": 27.44,
    "gravel": 4.31,
    "paving_stones": 4.01
   }
  },
  "ring3": {
   "label": "5.5 to 9 km",
   "label_th": "5.5 ถึง 9 กม.",
   "area_km2": 159.44,
   "km": {
    "residential": 1170.23,
    "service": 325.56,
    "primary": 140.05,
    "path": 101.26,
    "unclassified": 78.61,
    "track": 60.64,
    "tertiary": 48.84,
    "secondary": 44.17,
    "primary_link": 25.81,
    "footway": 24.87,
    "trunk": 8.48,
    "cycleway": 6.53,
    "trunk_link": 6.5,
    "construction": 4.98,
    "pedestrian": 4.69,
    "secondary_link": 3.32,
    "road": 2.59,
    "services": 2.58,
    "raceway": 1.84,
    "steps": 1.71,
    "tertiary_link": 0.2
   },
   "km_group": {
    "lane": 1574.4,
    "major": 228.32,
    "walk": 199.7,
    "tertiary": 49.04,
    "other": 7.01,
    "construction": 4.98
   },
   "drive_km": 1851.75,
   "km_per_km2": 11.61,
   "ways": 14452,
   "intersections": 9236,
   "dead_ends": 4902,
   "inter_per_km2": 57.9,
   "dead_end_share": 0.347,
   "block_m_mean": 81,
   "block_m_median": 56,
   "orientation": {
    "H": 3.5034,
    "phi": 0.0716,
    "Hmax": 3.5835,
    "Hgrid": 1.3863
   },
   "bins": [
    63.351,
    48.031,
    43.125,
    44.13,
    32.377,
    31.433,
    38.889,
    21.144,
    24.53,
    20.82,
    20.742,
    28.039,
    35.8,
    48.479,
    50.114,
    49.231,
    63.641,
    83.43,
    84.561,
    72.424,
    57.859,
    58.895,
    45.189,
    51.284,
    45.837,
    26.447,
    19.716,
    18.507,
    22.936,
    26.137,
    28.984,
    34.921,
    49.499,
    38.621,
    46.006,
    51.067
   ],
   "oneway_share": 0.139,
   "named_share": 0.32,
   "soi_share": 0.162,
   "lit_share": 0.037,
   "signals": 61,
   "wats": 88,
   "wats_per_km2": 0.55,
   "lanes_km": {
    "2": 697.45,
    "1": 184.66,
    "3": 69.88,
    "4": 20.88,
    "5": 0.18
   },
   "surface_km": {
    "concrete": 573.34,
    "asphalt": 518.7,
    "paved": 146.55,
    "unpaved": 53.15,
    "gravel": 14.12,
    "paving_stones": 4.87
   }
  },
  "beyond": {
   "label": "past 9 km",
   "label_th": "เกิน 9 กม.",
   "area_km2": 476.51,
   "km": {
    "residential": 2210.45,
    "service": 451.5,
    "track": 420.11,
    "unclassified": 334.75,
    "path": 208.93,
    "tertiary": 195.32,
    "secondary": 115.04,
    "primary": 84.41,
    "footway": 42.16,
    "trunk": 19.43,
    "proposed": 14.96,
    "construction": 11.82,
    "road": 6.76,
    "cycleway": 6.21,
    "services": 5.6,
    "primary_link": 3.8,
    "trunk_link": 3.64,
    "steps": 2.17,
    "pedestrian": 2.1,
    "secondary_link": 1.34,
    "raceway": 1.13,
    "tertiary_link": 0.19,
    "corridor": 0.03
   },
   "km_group": {
    "lane": 2996.7,
    "walk": 681.67,
    "major": 227.66,
    "tertiary": 195.51,
    "other": 28.47,
    "construction": 11.82
   },
   "drive_km": 3419.87,
   "km_per_km2": 7.18,
   "ways": 21694,
   "intersections": 14757,
   "dead_ends": 7827,
   "inter_per_km2": 31.0,
   "dead_end_share": 0.347,
   "block_m_mean": 101,
   "block_m_median": 65,
   "orientation": {
    "H": 3.5486,
    "phi": 0.0316,
    "Hmax": 3.5835,
    "Hgrid": 1.3863
   },
   "bins": [
    118.628,
    102.946,
    94.179,
    100.768,
    96.993,
    99.195,
    79.925,
    75.987,
    66.145,
    52.077,
    59.379,
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    59.118,
    61.386,
    59.104,
    64.025,
    82.571,
    94.757,
    103.098,
    123.447,
    101.88,
    125.685,
    113.911,
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    89.081,
    79.442,
    60.792,
    50.41,
    48.409,
    59.241,
    65.065,
    70.173,
    74.431,
    74.816,
    78.961,
    100.826
   ],
   "oneway_share": 0.055,
   "named_share": 0.166,
   "soi_share": 0.067,
   "lit_share": 0.02,
   "signals": 46,
   "wats": 1139,
   "wats_per_km2": 2.39,
   "lanes_km": {
    "2": 890.62,
    "1": 209.32,
    "3": 44.35,
    "4": 9.57,
    "5": 0.17
   },
   "surface_km": {
    "paved": 675.52,
    "asphalt": 611.57,
    "concrete": 525.31,
    "unpaved": 108.93,
    "gravel": 30.03,
    "dirt": 10.68
   }
  }
 },
 "soi": {
  "named_count": 3733,
  "km": 811.2,
  "with_wat_in_name": 8,
  "numbered": 3650,
  "longest": [
   {
    "name": "ซอย หมู่บ้านวังตาล",
    "km": 4.14
   },
   {
    "name": "CBP Soi 2",
    "km": 2.64
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านป่าเดื่อ หมู่ 1 ซอย 3",
    "km": 2.59
   },
   {
    "name": "หนองป่าแสะ ซอย 4",
    "km": 2.23
   },
   {
    "name": "ซอย สายลมชายคลอง 19",
    "km": 2.02
   },
   {
    "name": "ซอย ถ",
    "km": 1.94
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านแม่โจ้ ซอย 9",
    "km": 1.93
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านฟ้ามุ่ย ซอย 10",
    "km": 1.91
   },
   {
    "name": "หนองแฝก ซอย 8",
    "km": 1.81
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านใหม่สามัคคี ซอย 7",
    "km": 1.54
   },
   {
    "name": "CBP Soi 1",
    "km": 1.44
   },
   {
    "name": "ซอย 4 แม่สาหลวง",
    "km": 1.39
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านไร่ดง หมู่ 7 ซอย 8/2",
    "km": 1.34
   },
   {
    "name": "สันกับตองใต้ ซอย 2",
    "km": 1.33
   },
   {
    "name": "ถนนเชียงใหม่-ลำพูน ซอย 10",
    "km": 1.31
   },
   {
    "name": "ป่าแคโยง หมู่ 5 ซอย 1",
    "km": 1.29
   },
   {
    "name": "เทศบาลตำบลหางดง ซอย 2",
    "km": 1.23
   },
   {
    "name": "ต้นงิ้วคันคลอง ซอย 2",
    "km": 1.23
   },
   {
    "name": "ซอย 16/5 ช่างเคิ่ง",
    "km": 1.22
   },
   {
    "name": "Hang Dong Soi 13",
    "km": 1.2
   },
   {
    "name": "San Sai Luang Soi 1",
    "km": 1.19
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านแม่โจ้ ซอย 7",
    "km": 1.18
   },
   {
    "name": "บ้านฟ้ามุ่ย ซอย 11",
    "km": 1.16
   },
   {
    "name": "เวิลด์คลับ ซอย 12",
    "km": 1.15
   },
   {
    "name": "ข่วงเปา ซอย 13",
    "km": 1.15
   }
  ]
 },
 "longest_names": [
  {
   "name": "ถนนสมโภชเชียงใหม่ 700 ปี",
   "km": 52.73
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนซุปเปอร์ไฮเวย์",
   "km": 47.99
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนวงแหวนรอบนอก",
   "km": 36.35
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเลียบคลองชลประทาน",
   "km": 31.41
  },
  {
   "name": "Outer Ring Road",
   "km": 30.27
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเลี่ยงเมืองสันป่าตอง-หางดง",
   "km": 27.19
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนโชตนา",
   "km": 26.52
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเชียงใหม่-พร้าว",
   "km": 25.84
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนห้วยแก้ว",
   "km": 22.75
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเชียงใหม่-หางดง",
   "km": 21.16
  },
  {
   "name": "Lamphun Chiangmai New Road East",
   "km": 20.53
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนมหิดล",
   "km": 18.54
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเชียงใหม่-ลำพูน",
   "km": 17.51
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนสันกำแพงสายใหม่",
   "km": 17.23
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนแก้วนวรัฐ",
   "km": 16.46
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนสันทรายสายเก่า",
   "km": 15.89
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเจริญเมือง",
   "km": 14.03
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนบ่อสร้าง",
   "km": 11.81
  },
  {
   "name": "ซอย 2",
   "km": 10.52
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเลี่ยงเมืองแม่ริม",
   "km": 10.43
  },
  {
   "name": "ซอย 4",
   "km": 9.61
  },
  {
   "name": "ซอย 1",
   "km": 9.4
  },
  {
   "name": "ซอย 3",
   "km": 7.81
  },
  {
   "name": "ถนนเชียงใหม่-ดอยสะเก็ด",
   "km": 7.24
  },
  {
   "name": "Lamphun Chiangmai New Road West",
   "km": 6.36
  },
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