{
 "id": "kawila",
 "type": "person",
 "names": {
  "name": "Kawila",
  "th": "พระเจ้ากาวิละ",
  "rtgs": "Phra Chao Kawila",
  "said": "Re-peopled an empty city and re-dug its moat, 1796.",
  "said_th": "เอาคนกลับมาใส่เวียงฮ้าง แล้วขุดคูแหม ปี 2339"
 },
 "region": [
  "lanna"
 ],
 "text": {
  "what": "First ruler of Chiang Mai under Siam. The city had stood nearly empty for two decades after the Burmese wars; he re-entered it in 1796, restored the walls and moat, and added the corner bastions in the form they have now. The gates and corners a driver turns at today are largely his."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "เจ้าผู้ครองเชียงใหม่องค์แรกภายใต้สยาม เมืองร้างเกือบยี่สิบปีหลังสงครามพม่า ท่านกลับเข้าเวียงปี 2339 บูรณะกำแพงและคู และเพิ่มแจ่งในรูปที่เป็นอยู่ตอนนี้ ประตูและแจ่งที่คนขับรถเลี้ยวผ่านวันนี้ส่วนใหญ่เป็นของท่าน"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "the-moat",
   "as": "What he restored.",
   "rel": "place"
  },
  {
   "to": "era-kawila-1796-1900",
   "as": "His era.",
   "rel": "era"
  }
 ],
 "tags": [
  "heritage"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-kawila",
  "s:onep-278"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:wp-kawila"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, in the northern register where it fits; not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "schema": 1,
 "updated": "2026-09-21",
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "wua-lai-road",
   "type": "road",
   "name": "Wua Lai Road",
   "as": "Whose resettlement gave it its craft."
  },
  {
   "from": "era-kawila-1796-1900",
   "type": "era",
   "name": "1796–1900 — Kawila's rebuilding",
   "as": "The ruler."
  }
 ]
}