{
 "id": "mangrai",
 "type": "person",
 "names": {
  "name": "Mangrai",
  "th": "พญามังราย",
  "rtgs": "Phaya Mangrai",
  "aliases": [
   "King Mengrai",
   "พ่อขุนเม็งราย"
  ],
  "said": "Drew a square in 1296 and every road since has had to deal with it.",
  "said_th": "ขีดสี่เหลี่ยมไว้ปี 1839 แล้วถนนทุกสายตั้งแต่นั้นต้องมาว่ากับมัน"
 },
 "region": [
  "lanna"
 ],
 "text": {
  "what": "Founder of Chiang Mai, 1296, and of the Lanna kingdom. He had already built Wiang Kum Kam on the river and watched it flood; the new city went on the rise between the mountain and the Ping, a square with a gate in each side and the water led round it."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "ผู้สร้างเชียงใหม่ปี 1839 และอาณาจักรล้านนา ท่านสร้างเวียงกุมกามบนแม่น้ำมาก่อนและเห็นมันท่วม เมืองใหม่จึงไปอยู่บนที่ดอนระหว่างดอยกับแม่ปิง เป็นสี่เหลี่ยมมีประตูทุกด้าน และชักน้ำล้อมรอบ"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "the-moat",
   "as": "What he dug.",
   "rel": "place"
  },
  {
   "to": "era-1296-the-square",
   "as": "His era.",
   "rel": "era"
  },
  {
   "to": "wiang-kum-kam",
   "as": "His first try.",
   "rel": "place"
  }
 ],
 "tags": [
  "heritage"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:wp-mangrai",
  "s:thwp-moat"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:wp-mangrai"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, in the northern register where it fits; not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "schema": 1,
 "updated": "2026-09-21",
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "mangrai/mangrai-king-mangrai-monument-october-2021-img-01.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:King Mangrai Monument อนุสาวรีย์พ่อขุนมังราย ห้าแยกพ่อขุนฯ (October 2021) - img 01.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/King_Mangrai_Monument_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AF_%28October_2021%29_-_img_01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKing_Mangrai_Monument_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AF_%28October_2021%29_-_img_01.jpg",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
   "author": "Chainwit.",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "alt": "King Mangrai (Mengrai) Monument at Pho Khun intersection, Chiang Rai",
   "date": "2021-10-26 09:24:00",
   "primary": true,
   "sha256": "04ad8a99bd85e71a45708e97c0780074a824fc8db98dca3a3fcd736759e5f084"
  }
 ],
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "era-1296-the-square",
   "type": "era",
   "name": "1296 — the square",
   "as": "The king."
  },
  {
   "from": "wiang-kum-kam",
   "type": "place",
   "name": "Wiang Kum Kam",
   "as": "Who built it."
  }
 ]
}