{
 "id": "moat-loop",
 "type": "ring",
 "names": {
  "name": "The moat loop",
  "th": "ถนนรอบคูเมือง",
  "rtgs": "Thanon Rop Khu Mueang",
  "aliases": [
   "Ring 0"
  ],
  "said": "6.54 km, two roads, one clockwise and one counter, since 1948.",
  "said_th": "6.54 กิโล สองถนน วงนอกตามเข็ม วงในทวน ตั้งแต่ 2491"
 },
 "region": [
  "moat"
 ],
 "facets": {
  "era": "siam",
  "km": 6.54,
  "oneway": true
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "The pair of one-way roads on the two banks of the moat: the outer bank runs clockwise, the inner counter-clockwise, so that the square is a roundabout 6.54 km round. The municipality built the roads in 1948, demolishing stretches of the wall to do it. The year the one-way system began is not on this disk.",
  "story": "*Inference —* the loop is the city's first ring and its smallest, and the only one that is not a bypass: it does not take traffic round the centre, it takes traffic round the centre's edge and lets it in at the gates and the corners. A driver who misses a turn drives the whole square again. Everyone who has lived here has done it.\n\nThe story page argues what the loop did to the old city; the measurements page counts what is inside it."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "ถนนทางเดียวคู่บนสองฝั่งคูเมือง ฝั่งนอกวิ่งตามเข็มนาฬิกา ฝั่งในทวนเข็ม สี่เหลี่ยมจึงเป็นวงเวียนยาว 6.54 กม. เทศบาลสร้างถนนปี 2491 โดยรื้อกำแพงบางช่วง ปีที่ระบบทางเดียวเริ่มบ่มีในแผ่นนี้",
  "story": "*อนุมาน —* วงรอบคือวงแหวนแรกและเล็กสุดของเมือง และวงเดียวที่ไม่ใช่ทางเลี่ยง มันบ่ได้พารถอ้อมใจกลาง มันพารถอ้อมขอบใจกลางแล้วปล่อยเข้าที่ประตูและแจ่ง คนขับที่พลาดทางเลี้ยวต้องวนสี่เหลี่ยมอีกรอบ ใครที่เคยอยู่ที่นี่ก็เคยทำ\n\nหน้าเรื่องเล่าเถียงว่าวงรอบทำอะไรกับเวียงเก่า หน้าการวัดนับสิ่งที่อยู่ข้างใน"
 },
 "road": {
  "km": 6.54,
  "km_source": "s:thwp-moat",
  "oneway": true,
  "opened": "1948",
  "osm_names": [
   "ถนนมูลเมือง",
   "ถนนอารักษ์",
   "ถนนบุญเรืองฤทธิ์",
   "ถนนบำรุงบุรี",
   "ถนนศรีภูมิ",
   "ถนนช้างเผือก",
   "ถนนมณีนพรัตน์",
   "ถนนชัยภูมิ",
   "Moon Muang Road",
   "Arak Road",
   "Bunruangrit Road",
   "Bamrung Buri Road",
   "Si Phum Road",
   "Chang Phueak Road",
   "Mani Nopparat Road",
   "Chaiyaphum Road",
   "ถนนคชสาร",
   "Kotchasarn Road"
  ]
 },
 "geo": {
  "lat": 18.7883,
  "lon": 98.9855,
  "precision": "exact"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "the-moat",
   "as": "The water.",
   "rel": "place"
  },
  {
   "to": "why-the-moat-runs-one-way",
   "as": "The argument.",
   "rel": "story"
  },
  {
   "to": "grid-in-the-moat",
   "as": "What is inside.",
   "rel": "measure"
  },
  {
   "to": "ring-1",
   "as": "The next ring out.",
   "rel": "ring"
  }
 ],
 "tags": [
  "one-way",
  "heritage"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:thwp-moat",
  "s:cmocity-history"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:thwp-moat"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, in the northern register where it fits; not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "schema": 1,
 "updated": "2026-09-21",
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "moat-loop/moat-loop-201703291126a-chiang-mai-city-moat.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:201703291126a Chiang Mai, City Moat.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/201703291126a_Chiang_Mai%2C_City_Moat.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3A201703291126a_Chiang_Mai%2C_City_Moat.jpg",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
   "author": "Hartmann Linge",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "alt": "City moat of Chiang Mai between Sri Phum Corner and Tha Phae Gate",
   "date": "2017-03-29 11:26:16",
   "primary": true,
   "sha256": "82838166f4241113c54d08f38dd9903986041c33afa99c6260e3a3954776cb3b"
  },
  {
   "file": "moat-loop/moat-loop-chiang-mai-moat-and-road.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Chiang Mai Moat and Road.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Chiang_Mai_Moat_and_Road.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AChiang_Mai_Moat_and_Road.jpg",
   "license": "CC BY 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
   "author": "Douglas Perkins",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "alt": "The moat of Chiang Mai during the day.  A road is on the left, and the moat is on the right.  This picture was taken on the north side of the city center.  Thailand.",
   "date": "2014-12-26 10:51:47",
   "primary": false,
   "sha256": "065628ce8a62dd68f926bddabdd43e4ed02f785cda8f4a01d3d046d476b39cce"
  }
 ],
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "ratchadamnoen-road",
   "type": "road",
   "name": "Ratchadamnoen Road",
   "as": "The other one-way system."
  },
  {
   "from": "chang-phueak-gate",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Chang Phueak Gate",
   "as": "On the ring."
  },
  {
   "from": "chiang-mai-gate",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Chiang Mai Gate",
   "as": "On the ring."
  },
  {
   "from": "hua-lin-corner",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Hua Lin Corner",
   "as": "The ring turns here."
  },
  {
   "from": "katam-corner",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Katam Corner",
   "as": "The ring turns here."
  },
  {
   "from": "ku-hueang-corner",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Ku Hueang Corner",
   "as": "The ring turns here."
  },
  {
   "from": "si-phum-corner",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Si Phum Corner",
   "as": "The ring turns here."
  },
  {
   "from": "suan-dok-gate",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Suan Dok Gate",
   "as": "On the ring."
  },
  {
   "from": "suan-prung-gate",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Suan Prung Gate",
   "as": "On the ring."
  },
  {
   "from": "tha-phae-gate",
   "type": "gate",
   "name": "Tha Phae Gate",
   "as": "The ring it opens onto."
  },
  {
   "from": "era-siam-1900-1950",
   "type": "era",
   "name": "1900–1950 — Siam and the railway",
   "as": "Built 1948."
  },
  {
   "from": "map-1945",
   "type": "map",
   "name": "The 1945 city map",
   "as": "Built three years later."
  },
  {
   "from": "one-way-share",
   "type": "measure",
   "name": "How much of the road runs one way",
   "as": "The loop."
  },
  {
   "from": "municipal-roads",
   "type": "traffic",
   "name": "The municipality's roads, counted by the municipality",
   "as": "Municipal roads."
  },
  {
   "from": "khu",
   "type": "word",
   "name": "คู khu",
   "as": "The roads on it."
  },
  {
   "from": "what-we-did-not-do",
   "type": "story",
   "name": "What this site does not have",
   "as": "No year for the one-way."
  },
  {
   "from": "why-the-moat-runs-one-way",
   "type": "story",
   "name": "Why the moat runs one way",
   "as": "The loop."
  },
  {
   "from": "the-moat",
   "type": "place",
   "name": "The moat",
   "as": "The roads on its banks."
  }
 ]
}