{
 "id": "wiang",
 "type": "word",
 "names": {
  "name": "เวียง wiang",
  "th": "เวียง",
  "rtgs": "wiang"
 },
 "region": [
  "lanna"
 ],
 "etymology": {
  "root": "เวียง wiang — Tai root shared with Lao ວຽງ (Vientiane is Wiang Chan). Mueang is the polity; wiang is the fortified place inside it. 'Nai wiang', inside the wiang, is how the old city is said.",
  "tier": "tradition"
 },
 "text": {
  "what": "The word for the walled city, and the word this site uses for the square inside the moat. The rest of Chiang Mai is mueang; the square is wiang.\n\nThe 1945 city sheet labels the water KHU WIANG (Moat) on all four sides, which is this word doing its work on an official map: the square is the wiang, and the ditch belongs to it."
 },
 "text_th": {
  "what": "คำสำหรับเมืองมีกำแพง และเป็นคำที่เว็บนี้ใช้เรียกสี่เหลี่ยมในคู เชียงใหม่ที่เหลือคือเมือง สี่เหลี่ยมคือเวียง\n\nแผ่นเมืองปี 2488 กำกับน้ำว่า KHU WIANG (Moat) ทั้งสี่ด้าน ซึ่งเป็นคำนี้ทำงานอยู่บนแผนที่ทางการ สี่เหลี่ยมคือเวียง และคูเป็นของมัน"
 },
 "word": {
  "th": "เวียง",
  "rtgs": "wiang",
  "ipa": "/wiaŋ/",
  "standard": "เมือง (ที่มีกำแพง)",
  "standard_rtgs": "mueang",
  "gloss": "a walled town; the old city inside the moat",
  "gloss_th": "เมืองมีกำแพง เวียงในคู",
  "example": "ในเวียง",
  "example_gloss": "nai wiang — inside the walls"
 },
 "kin": [
  {
   "to": "the-moat",
   "as": "What surrounds it.",
   "rel": "place"
  },
  {
   "to": "map-1945",
   "as": "Where it is written.",
   "rel": "map"
  }
 ],
 "tags": [
  "lanna"
 ],
 "sources": [
  "s:moradok-lanna-dict",
  "s:wp-northern-thai",
  "s:commons-map"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "tradition",
   "source": "s:moradok-lanna-dict"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text_th": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "written in Thai by this project, in the northern register where it fits; not machine-translated"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "schema": 1,
 "updated": "2026-09-21",
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "wiang/wiang-chiangmai-thaphae-gate.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Chiangmai Thaphae Gate.JPG",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Chiangmai_Thaphae_Gate.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AChiangmai_Thaphae_Gate.JPG",
   "license": "Public domain",
   "license_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain",
   "author": "Rinto Jiang",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "alt": "Tha Phae Gate of Chiang Mai",
   "date": "2007-01-25",
   "primary": true,
   "sha256": "0750696de839a70c5591b041a9e77e6cb770f3c813690571c543f54b10e0e526"
  }
 ],
 "kin_in": [
  {
   "from": "map-1945",
   "type": "map",
   "name": "The 1945 city map",
   "as": "And with this one."
  },
  {
   "from": "chiang-mai-kam-mueang",
   "type": "word",
   "name": "เจียงใหม่ chiang mai",
   "as": "What chiang means."
  }
 ]
}